Scholarly record

FROM DEM DATA TO PHYSICAL MODELS: ENHANCING SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING THROUGH 3D PRINTING IN GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION

Beniamin Stecula

Abstract

The integration of emerging technologies into geoscience education offers new opportunities to enhance spatial understanding. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are widely used for terrain representation; however, their interpretation in two-dimensional (2D) form remains difficult for many students. Despite increasing interest in three-dimensional (3D) visualization, there is limited empirical evidence on the educational impact of physical terrain models. The study proposes an educational approach for transforming DEM data into tangible teaching aids using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). A complete workflow was developed, including GIS-based processing, 3D model generation, and physical fabrication. A structured teaching scenario is presented, integrating satellite imagery, contour maps, and 3D-printed terrain models. The approach supports spatial reasoning and terrain interpretation through progressive exposure to multiple forms of terrain representation. Observations from the implementation indicate that physical models enhance intuitive understanding of elevation relationships and geomorphological features, particularly when combined with traditional 2D methods. The study also identifies key technical factors - such as scale, vertical exaggeration, and print resolution - that influence model usability and educational value.

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