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THE HEALTH DYNAMIC OF FOREST AND VINICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS FROM ROMANIA DURING THE LAST TWO DECADES IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT CLIMATIC CHANGES
Abstract
Romanian forest and vinicultural ecosystems were strongly affected by climatic changes, especially during the last two decades. The main changes manifested in the health state of these ecosystems were analysed based on data from national monitoring, forest management plans, as well as from national forest statistics (in the case of forests). Furthermore, harmful insects were inventoried and captured with adhesive yellow traps and analysed together with moths captured with traps containing Atrabot synthetical sexual pheromones (in the case of two renowned Romanian vinicultural areas - Stefanesti and Bujorul). During the last two centuries, harmful agents have affected a fifth of the total forest surface from Romania. The biotic factors hold a significant percentage of this category of harmful agents (77%). Amongst them, the highest percentage (94%) is represented by insects (especially defoliator and mining ones). The most affected forests were oak forests from the country?s plain and hill areas. The resinous cultures introduced outside their optimum areal were affected by climatic heating, doubled by the decrease of precipitations. Pine cultures were affected by the excessive droughts registered in 1987, 1992-1993 and 2012, while locust cultures were affected by dry periods and floods. Oak cultures were also affected by excessively prolonged droughts and waves of heat, that have also favoured the defoliation caused by insects. The main pathogen agents identified at Stefanesti were Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator and Botrytis cinerea, while at Bujoru predominated blight (Plasmopara viticola), mildew (Uncinula necator), grey rot (Botrytis cinerea), grape?s moth (Lobesia botrana) dust mites and spiders. The alteration of climatic factors have influenced the attacks of harmful agents in vinicultural ecosystems from this areas during the last decades.
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