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THE RESEARCH RESULTS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SNOW COVER IN THE ALMATY AGGLOMERATION (SOUTHEAST OF KAZAKHSTAN)
Abstract
The chemical composition of 122 samples of snow cover (collected during 2018-2020) was measured for the representative points of the Almaty agglomeration (AA). Mean values of acidity show the absence of large-scale processes of acidification of snowfall over the study area. The analysis of the temporal variations of these parameters indicates their relative stability. The high values of suspended solids are characteristic of the mountainous territory, the Almaty city, including in the area of large highways. The concentration of organic substances (by permanganate oxidizability) varied over a wide range from 3.90 to 12.6 mgO/dm3. Their greatest values are recorded in the core of the agglomeration and the smallest were in the mountainous part. The average salinity of snow cover is 111 mg/dm3 and it has a sodium bicarbonate composition throughout the agglomeration. The low salinity of the snow cover was observed in the southwestern part of the agglomeration, as well as most of the Almaty city, while the flat territory is characterized by higher salinity values. The maps of the determined indicators (using ARCGIS) provided an opportunity to assess the distribution of the chemical composition of the snow cover over the Almaty agglomeration and to identify foci of their high levels for the entire research period. It is important to monitor pollution of the snow cover annually, especially in urban areas, as pollutants enter the landscape with its melting. This study can be used to develop strategic planning and policies to control air pollution.
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