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ANALYSIS OF CONVERGENCE AND DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS BASED ON CLASSICAL GEODETIC SURVEYS AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING IN -WIELICZKA- SALT MINE

Agnieszka Ochałek

Abstract

The Chapel of St. Kinga is the world?s largest underground temple and one of the biggest attractions of ?Wieliczka? Salt Mine in Poland. The chapel is located about 101 meters underground. The floor is sculpted in a single salt block and impressive chandeliers of salt crystals are made. In the analyzed part of the mine, in chapel?s surroundings, there are almost exclusively dry exploitation excavations, where mining works had been conducted from the 17th to the 20th century. Observations of rock mass movements and their consequences are very crucial issues, especially in the aspect of protection of historical chambers located in the ?Wieliczka? Salt Mine in Poland. According to the Polish law inventory surveys connected with monitoring of rock mass movements includes: convergence measurements and displacement measurements of mining excavations. In salt mines, convergence process is rather slow and can continue dozen or even hundreds of years. There were several hundred bases placed on many levels in different parts of ?Wieliczka? including the Chapel St. Kinga in order to recognize the convergence process in complex lumps of chambers. Another purpose of the measurements was to estimate the geomechanical properties or determine the deformation rock mass activity. The article presents the results of research carried out in 2010-2016 including convergence measurements, horizontal and vertical displacements measurements. The research was carried out basing on total station and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology. In order to make this inventory, 13 horizontal bases and 5 vertical bases were measured, the geometric leveling method (using the Ni007 precision leveling instrument and an invoice patch set) was conducted (5 horizontal bases located in the side walls and 2 floor bases were measured) and three series of laser scanning measurements were carried out (in years: 2010, 2012, 2016). Convergence and deformation measurements and TLS technology allowed to determine relative deformations of the chapel with sufficient frequency and accuracy. However, it does not enable to define the causes of deformations and thus to effectively neutralize the negative effects of revealing changes. Therefore, it seems appropriate to broaden the observations carried out with measurements allowing to determine horizontal and vertical displacements within the chapel of St. Kinga as well as in adjacent excavations. Surveys of excavations adjacent to the chapel of St. Kinga will allow determining the absolute values of the deformation of the chapel itself.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/2.2/s09.073

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