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STUDY OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEATURES OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Abstract
A characteristic feature of fuel cells is a weak dependence of their energy efficiency on the scale of the installation and the ability to provide the required level of power by simply increasing the number of fuel cells. The use of fuel cells, including in combination with renewable energy sources, can mean a technological revolution in the transport sector and energy, will reduce the negative impact on the environment to a minimum level. In this paper, a review of the current state of problems and trends in the development of critical technologies of hydrogen energy in Russia and abroad showed that the promising basic technology in the field of small and medium decentralized energy is the use of devices for direct conversion of chemical energy of fuel into electrical ? electrochemical generators on fuel cells. The use of fuel cells on hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuels can be commercially justified and environmentally safe. The relevance of the project is due to the need to develop methods of partial autonomy for commercial electric transport. In this study, the optimal design parameters of the solid oxide fuel cells batteries were studied. The results of the development of methods for the formation of membrane-electrode blocks of solid oxide fuel cells are described. The description of membranes is given. Solid oxide fuel cells are an alternative to traditional internal combustion engines and turbines to produce energy that produce electricity with higher efficiency and less negative impact on the environment. Hydrogen, natural gas, kerosene, coal and even complex hydrocarbons can be used as fuel sources for solid oxide fuel cells. However, many solid oxide fuel cells batteries have a high cost per unit of output power. The analysis of patents in Russia showed that over the last ten years the development of the solid oxide fuel cells is aimed at improving the technology of manufacturing the components of the solid oxide fuel cells and assembling the design of the battery of the solid oxide fuel cells, which leads to a significant reduction in capital costs and operating costs. However, the existing difficulties, in particular large start-up periods (usually from a few minutes to several hours) and the high cost of manufacturing materials significantly limits the possibility of their use in automotive engines.
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