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A REVIEW OF HEAT EXCHANGERS USED IN CRYOGENICS
Abstract
Heat exchangers are important components of cryogenic installations. The modern and advanced cryogenic systems have bulky heat exchangers, weigh tens of tons, are made of copper and its alloys, stainless steel or aluminum. The main challenge in the field is related to the need to reduce size and weight of the heat exchangers by using appropriate construction shape and modern materials. Heat exchangers used in cryogenics can be divided into three main groups: tubular, spiral and efficient or compact exchangers. In low temperature systems, heat exchangers need to be characterized by high heat transfer coefficients and compactness along with the possibility to use more than two fluids. Compact heat exchangers mean a large heat exchange surface per unit of volume and this characteristic is an indicator of progress in this industry. This incorporates an innovative concept that delivers material economy, high performance, ease of handling and smaller spaces for installation that are needed in cryogenics. This paper is intended to assess the existing technology in the field of heat exchangers used in cryogenics and evaluate the future possibilities to optimize these key components.
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