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NDVI-BASED SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN SPACE IN TBILISI, GEORGIA
Abstract
Green space is an integral part of human life. Many aspects of the population's activity and well-being are associated with this process. Green space is equally important for both rural and urban settlements. Tbilisi, Georgia, is a city where the loss of green space has recently intensified due to excessive urban sprawl. However, this growth is not well planned in most cases. Accordingly, analysis of green space dynamics is crucial for strategic planning in Tbilisi. However, there is a lack of similar data for Tbilisi. The aim of this paper is to account for the spatiotemporal evolution of green spaces in Tbilisi, determine the distribution of coniferous and deciduous trees and evaluate the anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting changes in urban green space. The analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns and changes in green space in Tbilisi was performed by using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 Earth Observation image data. First, we categorized each study area into two broad classes, vegetation and nonvegetation. Second, we calculated the green space ratio (RGS) in 2012-2020. Third, we performed linear regression based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series to identify areas with significant changes in green space. We further categorized the green scape into two classes: coniferous and other. Landsat 8 OLI 2013-2020 median composite imagery and Sentinel 2 2019-2020 median composite imagery were used in this research to observe the intraannual changes in the NDVI. By utilizing the Landsat 8 OLI-based RGS, we observed that since 2013, there has been a rapid decrease (from 0.92 to 0.9) in green space in Tbilisi, which is related to anthropogenic (deforestation related to rapid urban sprawl) and environmental (natural hazards, tree disease) factors. Using Sentinel-2-based NDVI data, it was found that as of 2020, more than 20% of the tree cover in the territory of Tbilisi was coniferous. The obtained data will be useful in the future for multiple stakeholders, especially in terms of biodiversity research and conservation and improvement of Tbilisi
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