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CHEMICAL AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, BIOTOXICITY AND PLANT STIMULATING PROPERTIES OF THE BIOCHAR OBTAINED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES OF PYROLYSIS
Abstract
Biochar attracts high scientific and practical interest because of several specific properties such as high sorption potential, fertilizing properties and ability to sequester carbon. In the present study, fertilizing properties of biochar made of chicken manure using different peak temperatures (2h at 300-700 ?C) in the rotating experimental 200L biomass pyrolysis plant were investigated. The following parameters were analyzed: content of biogenic elements (C, N, P, K), porosity and micromorphology, toxicity for aquatic organisms (Dafnia magna and Paramecium caudatum) as well as wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) stimulating properties. It was revealed that the content of biogenic elements decreases with temperature raise in the range of 400-700 ?C with the maximum of 49.0% for C, 5.1% for N, 4.3% for K and 2.1% for P. The porosity and micromorphology of all the samples was comparable since it mainly depends on the initial content of plant residues in the manure but not on the pyrolysis patterns. Ecotoxicity for D. magna and P. caudatum was minimal for 400?C samples (LID10 was estimated to be 14.3 and 1.2, respectively, as compared with control). All the samples added in the amounts of 1% to soil positively influenced wheat biomass and chlorophyll content (219% and 116% as compared with control for 400 ?C sample), but the effect decreased with temperature raise. It can be suggested that positive effect on plants is mainly connected with the content of biogenic elements in biochars.
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