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LANDSCAPE-HISTORICAL GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM AS A BASE FOR LONG-TERM LAND-USE CHANGE RETROSPECTIVE MODELLING
Abstract
Historical land-use and land-cover are the key input for the evaluation of past global change and nowadays processes. These studies lie in the intersection of physical and social geography, economy, history and archeology. The original combination of GIS technologies within landscape, historical, archaeological, paleogeographic methods forms the methodological basis of research. The main practical task is to identify the relations between landscape features and different types of environmental management and settlement system. In this work we described the methodology on the example of Meshchera Lowland in European Russia. Retrospective modeling was divided into two interrelated blocks: the study of the evolution of the natural system (paleo-landscape research) and the study of the landscapes evolution under the influence of anthropogenic factors during Holocene. The early-period reconstructions consists from three stages: 1) paleolandscape reconstructions based on landscape mapping; 2) reconstruction of settlement structure and land-use with its intensity of nature management in different types of landscapes; 3) comprehensive landscape and archaeological research on stationary excavations of monuments of various cultures. The last 400-years reconstructions were conducted within five stages: 1) characterization of spatial heterogeneity of natural factors based on landscape mapping 2) periodization of land use regimes based on literature and statistics analysis 3) land use reconstruction based on historical maps and satellite images 4) statistical analysis of natural and socio-economic factors of land use change 5) land use modeling based on statistical analysis results. This methodology allowed us to reconstruct long-term land use change with great details on a local scale.
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