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ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM ACCORDING TO BIOTOPE CHARACTERISTICS
Abstract
In the development of plant communities within permanent grasslands, key environmental factors include relief, climate, soil characteristics, groundwater, and anthropogenic influence. The primary objective of this study was to identify the interdependence between the botanical composition of the plant community, plant productivity, and the main biotope characteristics. The ecological and forage value assessment of the studied ecosystem involved evaluating species requirements for the following ecological indicators: bioform (B), light (L), temperature (T), humidity (U), soil reaction (R), nitrogen requirement (N), and a synthetic quality index (IS). Plant species were identified as belonging to Euro-Asiatic, Central European, Continental, Mediterranean, and Balkan floristic elements. The analyzed plant community demonstrates average light requirements, indicating heliophilous vegetation; moderate temperature preferences characteristic of the temperate zone; medium humidity tolerance specific to moderately moist, loamy soils; and soil reaction preferences ranging from moderately acidic to neutral conditions. The nitrogen requirements were also moderate, reflecting adaptation to soils with intermediate nitrogen content. The study concludes that the natural vegetation has been significantly altered due to human activities.
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