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MOUNTAINOUS MUNICIPALITIES OF CENTRAL CAUCASUS, ECOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITIES
Abstract
The diversity of ecosystems in the mountainous regions is generally higher than in the lowland territories. In this regard, there is no exception to the Caucasus region. The central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountain System, which is located within the Republic of Georgia, consists of fiveadministrative units (Mestia, Lentekhi, Tsageri, Ambrolauri and Oni) and is 3 historic-ethnographic provinces (Svaneti, Lechkhumi, Racha). The study area is 8157 km 2 and the hypsometrically ranges from 315 m to 5203 m. Our research area includes the Central part of the Caucasus, which is distinguished by the diversity of ecosystems. The purpose of the thesis is to study the diversity of ecosystems of the region and their analysis on the background of local communities,which are centuries-old established systems existing within local landscape, developing and shaping the appearance and peculiarities, thereby are so outstanding today. In addition, local communities coexisted in centuries and millenniums in landscape environment that surrounds them and their means of subsistencethey obtained in harmonization with the environment. Therefore, ecosystems are discussed as spatial units within each community of the study area. The work was based on field studies conducted in 2005-16, during which data on various components of ecosystems have been collected. The ecosystem map was constructed, so called "Mosaic", which contains over 20000 units. Based on this we prepared a map of the main ecosystems where 11 types are drawn. We evaluated every community in terms of ecosystem diversity, forestry and distribution of agricultural land, allowing us to discuss the issues of ecosystem services of each community and outline priorities.
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