Scholarly record
PREDICTIVE ASSESSMENT OF GEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION BASED ON BUILDING UP A DUST STRUCTURE PROFILE FOR INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS
Abstract
Dust emissions from industrial enterprises are often treated as total suspended particles (TSP); and they also quite often contain a wide range of chemical components. Among these components rather hazardous admixtures can be found, such as heavy metals, benzpyrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Structure of emissions in terms of admixtures contained in them is determined by raw materials applied at a specific production, production technologies, structure of an end product, etc. Being suspended, chemical components travel long distances; when dusts deposit, these components transform natural soil structures, influence geoecological parameters of biocenosis, etc. Calculation techniques that are applied in Russia to estimate emissions quite often combine all solid emissions into just total suspended particles (TSP) without any identification of toxic components that occur in their structure. In some cases this neglect of hazardous admixtures doesn?t allow correct estimating and predicting a geoecological situation in a zone influenced by emissions. The research goal was to suggest a procedure for geoecological situation prediction basing on an estimate of component and disperse structure of dusts contained in emissions from certain industrial objects; the procedure involved building up a typical ?profile? of estimated emissions. The research involved using the following data and techniques: morphology and structure of particles were determined via electronic microscopy performed with a scanning high resolution microscope (magnification varied from 5 to 300,000 times) with S3400N ?HITACHI? x-ray fluorescent detachable device. Chemical structure was determined via x-ray phase analysis of samples performed with XRD-700 ?Shimadzu? x-ray diffractometer. The accomplished researched verified industrial dusts being poly-disperse and multi-component. The paper contains examples of chemical structures typical for dust emissions. Study on morphological properties revealed that solid particles contained in emissions from various technological operations had diverse shapes. These properties give an opportunity to enrich an evidential base applied in assessing impacts exerted by an economic entity on ambient air. The paper outlines complex approaches to examining qualitative structure of dusts, their morphological properties, and disperse structure. These approaches allow building up a so called ?emission profile?, that is, a stable set of properties belonging to a dust emission from a specific source or, in some cases, from a whole enterprise. Application of this approach gives an opportunity to reliably estimate impacts exerted by a given enterprise on ambient air; to correctly determine zones exposed to specific (marker) components; to determine chemicals making the most significant contributions; to perform predictive estimates of a geoecological situation.
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