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ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES TO REDUCE THE EMISSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF NEW RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Abstract
Rapid development of residential housing in Kazakhstan entails an increase in the consumption of thermal energy and, accordingly, carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. According to the Department of Statistics, only in 2019, 41,415 individual and 1,746 multi-apartment residential buildings became operational in the country of the total living area of 13,133.8 thousand square meters. Providing that all built houses comply with energy efficiency requirements of Kazakhstan, the introduction of new housing has increased the consumption of thermal energy by about 1,557 gigawatt-hours. If all these buildings were heated by natural gas, annually emissions into the environment would be about 380 thousand tons of CO2, fuel oil - 500, electricity ? 650 thousand tons. Especially difficult situation is in the Almaty region, there is intensive and rapidly developing construction, which leads to pollution of the region by emissions of thermal energy production. In order to analyse the possibilities of reducing heating energy consumption and CO2 emissions, statistical data on the construction of residential buildings in the Almaty region over the past years were collected. The efficiency of conversion of different types of energy into the thermal energy production was evaluated in calculation of CO2 emission. Using reference single-apartment and multi-apartment buildings 4 sets of measures to reduce the thermal energy consumption in buildings were modelled by reducing heat loss through the building envelope and using different more efficient heating and ventilation systems. Carbon dioxide emissions were calculated due to the annual increase in housing area regarding different buildings energy efficiency options and used primary energy sources.
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