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BIOGENIC ELEMENTS AND TECHNOGENIC POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATION INFLUENCED BY ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD IN THE SOILS OF SOLOVETSKY SETTLEMENT.

Аnna Trofimova

Abstract

The most attractive tourist object of the West-Arctic region of Russia is Solovetsky Island. However, every year increasing the tourist flow has anthropogenic impact on unique Arctic areas. This article presents the features of the biogenic elements, oil products and heavy metals accumulation in the soils of the Solovetsky settlement (Bolshoy Solovetsky Island in the Solovetsky Islands archipelago) in order to determine the level of anthropogenic impact on these territories. The data of the physicochemical parameters in various soil types, the content of ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate ions, the gross content of heavy metals (Co, Ni, Mn, V, Pb, Zn , Cu, Fe, Cr, Ti, Sr), petroleum products and transformation forms of phosphorus in the natural soils and around the automobile station of the settlement of Solovetsky are presented. The chemical analysis was carried out with the use of modern instrumental methods and certified methods: the gross content of heavy metals by X-ray fluorescence, the content of oil products by fluorometric method, nutrients by high-performance liquid chromatography, and transformation forms of phosphorus by photometric method. The physical and chemical properties of soils were determined by chemical and instrumental methods. All sample studies were conducted in triplicate. The data were processed by the standard methods of mathematical statistics. For all the analyses, differences were considered significant at the level of p < 0.05. Analysis of the experimental data showed that all soils are slightly acidic (pH varies from 4.3 to 6.1) with different granulometric composition (the content of physical clay varies from 6 to 92%) with organic carbon content ranging from very low to very high (1.3-42.0%). Regardless of their type of soils, the content of ammonium, potassium, and sulfate ions is high, but the content of nitrate, calcium and magnesium is low. The mobile phosphorus content is 425 mg / kg with very high level of availability. The high concentration of this element is due to the formation of poorly soluble phosphates. In addition, anthropogenic soil contamination reduces the availability of biogenic and traces elements to plants and adversely affects the state of soil biota. Soils in the refueling area are characterized by a high content (80%) of the most mobile forms of phosphorus, which poses a great danger due to migration of these compounds to groundwater. At that time natural soils of Solovetsky Island have maximum content of poorly soluble phosphorus. In soils with a low content of humus, a low (<10%) content of organic phosphorus compounds was found. The investigated soils are generally mediumly polluted with oil products. According to the total pollution index Zc all samples have an acceptable level of contamination with heavy metals (Zc ?13.0). The gross content of the heavy metals does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), however high concentrations of lead (up to 7 MPC) are detected in the soils. Thus, high recreational load leads to soil contamination: significant differences between the natural and settlement soils were determined, showing contamination of the study area with ammonium, potassium and sulfate, as well as oil products and lead.

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