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MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE NATURAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS BASED ON GIS-TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract
The forests of Ukraine, according to their purpose and location, mainly perform water protection, protective, sanitary and hygienic and recreational functions. The peculiarities of forests and forestry in Ukraine include: a relatively low average level of forest cover in the country; growth of forests in various natural areas (Polesie, Forest-steppe, Steppe, Ukrainian Carpathians); significant differences in forest conditions, methods of forest management, use of forest resources and useful properties of forests; predominantly ecological significance of forests and their high proportion (up to 50%) with a regime of limited forest use; a high percentage of reserved forests (16.1%), which has a steady upward trend. In addition, significant areas of forests are located in the zone of radioactive contamination (Red Forest in the zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant). And more than half of the forests in Ukraine are artificially created and require regular observation (monitoring), assessment, inventory and forecast of the dynamics of their quantitative and qualitative state, taking into account natural and climatic factors. Forest monitoring is carried out by collecting, transferring, storing and analyzing information about the state of forests, predicting changes in forests and developing scientifically based recommendations for information and analytical support of forest management using GIS technologies. The tasks that are solved by GIS can be divided into several directions: forest monitoring (collection of primary information, its accumulation, systematization, analysis and formation of a data bank, forecast of possible changes in the state of forest ecosystems, calculation of forest use scenarios); assessment and inventory of forests (collection and generalization of information on the state and dynamics of forests and forest resources using statistical methods); forest certification (assessment of the compliance of the forest management system with the established international requirements for forest management and forest use); development and maintenance of a forest cadastre (dividing forests into categories depending on their significance and the main functions they perform, establishing the boundaries of forest areas assigned to the corresponding forest categories, identifying specially protected forest areas, developing plans for forest areas, forest management maps, thematic forest maps, etc. topographic, geodetic and cartographic material). Assessment and inventory of forests are carried out through selective and statistical surveys of the forest fund of Ukraine, to obtain reasonable generalized information about forests for the needs of planning, including strategic, forestry, state forest cadastre and forest monitoring.
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