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MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, MICROBIAL PROCESSES, AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES
Abstract
Microbial processes are of crucial importance for life on Earth. Microorganisms are capable of unique transformations on a global scale that all contribute to the harmonious functioning of the biosphere. Some microbial processes and their final products can influence atmospheric composition and climatic conditions on a planetary scale. Climate change, easy to see in recent decades, can alter the functioning of microbial communities and trigger positive or negative feedbacks. Microbial activities, such as organic matter degradation, nitrification, denitrification, and methanogenesis, are directly involved in the production and emission of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). According to predictive climate models, changes in external factors such as temperature and moisture may lead to an increase or decrease in the rate of microbial processes or even to changes in the physiology and composition of microbial populations difficult to predict in the longer term. At the same time, micro-organisms and their activities can be used as tools to reduce the negative effects of global climate change, mainly through wise management of anthropogenic activities that have a significant impact on microbial processes directly involved in greenhouse gas production.
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