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MODELING FLOODS WITH A DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL IN A RIVER CATCHEMENT
Abstract
The hydrological processes are very complex and the hydrological and hydraulic models are the main components of the flood forecasting and warning systems. They identify the dominant hydrological processes which influence water balance and result in conditions of extreme hydrological events. A variety of hydrological models exist nowadays. In this study the physically-based, fully distributed hydrological TOPKAPI (TOPographic Kinematic APproximation and Integration) model was applied on Aytoska river catchment. The model utilities three non-linear reservoir differential equations for the drainage in the soil, the overland flow on saturated or impervious soil, and the channel flow along the drainage network. The advantage of the model is that as it is physically based model parameters can be obtained directly using existing spatial datasets. The model was applied on the Aytoska river watershed, in the Black Sea basin. There are no meteorological stations and only one hydrometric station in the watershed. Meteorological information from 5 stations located outside the catchment area and hydrological information from the available hydrometric station were used to set up the model. The calibration of TOPKAPI was performed manually starting from literature values of the parameters related to soil properties. The model was calibrated using hydrometeorological historical data for the period 2013?2017 and was validated using hydrometeorological historical data for 2018 year. The hydrometeorological data set includes periods with high waves as well as flow data below the long-term averages. The statistical estimates of model simulations with the parameters, related to the type of soils, the soil texture, the hydraulic characteristics of the soils and the parameters of the river network are presented in this paper.
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