Scholarly record

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AFFECTING HEALTH AND HERITAGE SITES IN LARGE HISTORIC CITIES

Alexander Ivanov, A. Platov, Ivan Krayev, Д.А. Малышев

Abstract

The goal of the research is to identify the most significant groups of environmental risks for large cities with heritage sites. Along with relatively rare events threatening heritage sites such as karst, floods and landslides, a group of risks associated with fast-paced processes has been identified, with immediate hazardous effects. These are the risk of hypothermia and frostbite, the risk of heat stress, the risk of immediate toxicological effects caused by heavy traffic, the risk of traffic noise and the risk of urban water bloom. Potential consumers of such information are residents and guests of the city, representatives of government and business. The Internet provides real time information on meteorological conditions, information on the speed of traffic flows during traffic jams and hydrological information on water bodies. Therefore, the task was to find out the need for and the possibility of online calculation of local values of environmental risk associated primarily with hydrometeorological safety. For environmental risks associated with noise, biological and chemical pollution of the environment, this problem was solved earlier by the authors. The corresponding Internet services http://eco-routes.appspot.com and http://quite-routes.appspot.com were created Field studies of the wind-cold effect were carried out in the historical, recreational and modern parts of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Localized heat stress was investigated during extreme heat waves in Cologne, Germany, in the historical area, in parks, and in transport hubs. Studies have shown that local territories differ significantly in terms of the level of risk. Therefore, there is a need to familiarize citizens and guests with relevant online information. The idea is to calculate the local wind-cold effect and the local perceived temperature using information from official meteorological resources and amendments calculated on the basis of a simplified model for accounting urban landscape influence. The model was proposed by Moscow architects. The final part of the work presents a set of formulas and tables for assessing the short term risk effects. Thus, a methodological basis has been prepared for creating an integrated online Internet resource that allows calculating local short term risks associated with air temperature, wind speed, air pollution in the traffic jam zone, traffic noise and water quality of urban lakes and reservoirs.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/2.1/s08.063

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