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GROUND ANCHORS USING IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
Abstract
The prestressed injected ground anchor is a device, one end of which is fixed in the soil by injecting a cement grout, and the other is fixed on the retained structure after prestressing. Ground anchors are widely used in many building and construction sectors as temporary or permanent elements of structure for fixing sliding slopes and retaining wall, for strengthening of foundation, preventing uplift of underground structures, ets. In this paper using of ground anchors for construction of new berth and renovation of old one in the Baltic Sea region is considered. The installing of retaining walls for construction pit, fixed by ground anchors, in close vicinity to railways without stop the traffic is discussed. These examples prove the possibility of injection ground anchors using in especially difficult conditions, in which other solutions would be more expensive and less reliable. In spite of difficulties of the installation of long-length ground anchors (accuracy of works, complexity of their testing because of significant elastic deformation), this method in hydraulic engineering construction is advanced and, sometimes, only possible.
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References8
Sabatini, P.J. Pass, D.G., Bacchus R.C., Geotechnical Engineering Circular No.4: Ground Anchors and Anchored Systems. US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Performing Organization: GeoSyntec Сonsultants, Office of Bridge Technology, Washington, 1999. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/if99015.pdf
Boychenko P.O., Gorgutza R.J., Lisovsky S.V., Quay walls reconstruction using injection anchors and methods of their control below water level, Hydrotechnics. XXI cencury No.2 (26), pp. 46-49, 2016 (in Russian)
Polukoshko S., Gaisin A., Stasens A. & Marnauza J., Experience of “BMGS” company in using of ground anchors for complicated engineering constructions, in book: 'Baltic Piling', CRC Press, Mets & Raudsepp (Eds), Taylor and Francis Group, London, pp. 27-35, 2013.
EN 1537:1999. Execution of special geotechnical work – Ground anchors. Brussels.
EN 1997-1 (2004): Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1. General rules.
DIN 4125. Ground Anchorage. Design, construction and testing, Berlin, 1990.
DIN 1054-2010. Subsoil. Verification of the safety of the earth work and foundation.
VSN 506-88. 1989. Design and construction of ground anchors. Moscow.
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