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URANIUM-BACTERIA INTERACTION (OVERVIEW)
Abstract
Metal?microbe redox interactions have implications for ore formation and recovery of uranium from ore-containing materials. The speciation of uranium in relation to its bio-availability is reviewed. U(VI) is the major form of U in oxic surface waters, while U(IV) - in anoxic waters. The ability of uranium to bind the bacterial cell surface is dependent on its physicochemical form. Within solid-phase organic matter, microbes can influence oxidation state and stability of uranium through direct enzymatic reduction, biosorption, biomineralization and bioaccumulation. Bacteria interact with uranium through different mechanisms including, biosorption at the cell surface, intracellular accumulation, precipitation, and redox transformations (oxidation/reduction). Anaerobic bacteria found in sedimentary environments catalyze uranium reduction. Microbial U(VI) reduction and subsequent immobilization can be encouraged in aquifers by the addition of organic electron donors and are generally accompanied by growth of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. Oxidation of immobilized U(IV) can occur if nitrate or sulfate reduction is occurring in the presence in Fe(III) minerals or abiotically in the presence of O2. The mechanisms of enzyme-mediated reduction of U(VI) are described in this review (bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Shewanella oneidensis, Geobacter spp. et al.). Fundamental understanding of the interaction of these bacteria with uranium will be useful for developing appropriate radioactive waste treatments, remediation and long-term management strategies as well as for predicting the microbial impacts on the performance of the radioactive waste repositories. A study of the mechanisms of redox processes in the interaction of uranium with bacteria allowed to develop and install two biotechnological plants with a capacity of 150 thousand m3 / year which was used for uranium leaching ?in situ?. For the period 2018-2019, an increase in the uranium content in the productive solution by 20% was achieved.
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Altynbek A.D., Pernesh E.K., Turysbekova G.S., Bektay Y.K., Shiderin B.N. The technology of bacterial oxidation of iron in the leaching of uranium “in situ”. Page 233-235. Proceedings of the IX Inter-People's Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual Problems of the Uranium Industry". November 7-9, 2019
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