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MONITORING OF BANK LINE CHANGES USING GEODETIC AND REMOTE TECHNIQUES
Abstract
The article deals with several ways of monitoring bank line changes, such as the cartographic and two modern satellite-based methods, one of which is the method of satellite images interpretation. It is easy to use and does not need expensive equipment or fieldwork. The second of the satellite-based methods, the field method with the application of satellite positioning system, is characterized by high accuracy and effectiveness of results but requires expensive equipment and fieldworks. The danger of erosion is that main settlements of West Siberian plain are situated along the banks of the rivers. These territories suffer from erosion processes which lead to the decrease in the settlements? areas and causes destruction of residential buildings, cemeteries and farmland. Thus, monitoring of bank line changes is an urgent problem. Erosion and river channel processes, which were examined on the key field testing sites in the middle reach of the river Ob, are subject to a number of general patterns such as spatial and temporal relationships, relation with natural and climatic environments, etc. The key field testing sites correspond to the tectonic faults where the monitoring of the river channel processes has been carried out for 16 years with the help of bench marks on the river cross sections. To perform geodetic measurements two Leica GS10 satellite receivers have been used since 2014. As a result, the lost land area of 842 000 ?2 was identified by means of satellite images interpretation. These data are for the time period of 32 years. With the help of satellite equipment it was estimated that in 2015the erosion area was 29 472 ?2, in 2016 ? 11 403 ?2, and in 2017 ? 15 400 ?2. The obtained data show that the average rates of bank erosion in the river cross sections at the long-term stations are as follows: in 2014 ? 2.45 m/ year with the maximum of 13.7 m in cross section10; in 2015 ? 5.0 m /year with the maximum of 17m in cross section 10; in 201 ? 1.69 m/year with the maximum of 4.04 m; in 2017 ? 2.57 m/year with the maximum of 15.4 m in the Vth test area. These measurements depend on the climate-hydrological factors.
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