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OCCURRENCE AND FATE OF TRICHLOROETHENE AND TETRACHLOROETHENE IN CARBONATE AQUIFER, TARNOWSKIE GORY AREA (SOUTHERN POLAND)
Abstract
Trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE) have been detected in water of the Triassic carbonate aquifer in Tarnowskie G?ry area since 1994. Since 2005, TCE and PCE in groundwater have been constantly monitored by the Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Katowice in 12 observation wells and pumping wells located in Tarnowskie G?ry and outskirts of the city. After 24 years chlorinated solvents still pose a serious environmental risk and are responsible for closure of selected wells situated in Tarnowskie G?ry as well as outside the city. In order to investigate the occurrence pattern and fate of these pollutants in carbonate aquifer, which is a strategic abundant reservoir of potable water for the western part of the Upper Silesian agglomeration, the extended field campaigns in 2010 and 2016 were carried out. The obtained results confirmed the assumption that the main source of the contamination coincides with industrial site in Tarnowskie G?ry and provided information about spreading the contamination plume over 15 km in the west and south-west direction from the potential sources. Although the concentrations of TCE and PCE decrease with increasing distance from Tarnowskie G?ry, the concentration of sum of TCE and PCE exceeded drinking limit 10 ?g/dm3 in some wells outside the city. The major factors responsible for transport of TCE and PCE in carbonate aquifer are gradient of the water table, pumping rates of the wells, geological structure of the aquifer and location of the drainage mine galleries. Due to the oxidizing conditions in the aquifer the natural degradation of these constituents did not occurred, therefore, the daughter products of TCE and PCE in water samples were not found.
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