Scholarly record
MONITORING DEFORMATION IN DEEP SALT MINES: A HIGH-PRECISION APPROACH TO CONVERGENCE MEASUREMENT AT KLODAWA SALT MINE
Abstract
Conventional salt mining creates large voids that disrupt geomechanical equilibrium, inducing subsidence pressures from overlying strata. This process, known as convergence, is the time-dependent closure of excavated spaces caused by salt-s viscoplastic behavior. Continuous convergence monitoring is critical for early detection of excessive strain, enabling timely mitigation to maintain structural stability and prevent hazards like water ingress and flooding. Due to the slow deformation rates of halite formations, precise geodetic measurements are essential. This study presents a specialized monitoring system using a high-precision laser rangefinder with a custom mounting apparatus for repeatable alignment on fixed reference markers in the rock mass. Field tests were conducted at the Klodawa Salt Mine-one of Europe-s largest salt mines with over 20 million cubic meters excavated. The complex underground environment challenges long-term deformation monitoring. This paper reports metrological validation results from both laboratory and in-situ conditions, highlighting measurement accuracy, operational constraints, and environmental factors. Recommendations for optimized field deployment are provided, advancing monitoring techniques for deep, large-scale salt mining where extensive deformation poses critical engineering and safety risks.
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References5
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