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CHANGE OF THE STATE OF SMALL RIVERS IN THE KALININGRAD REGION FOR THE LAST COUPLE OF DECADES
Abstract
The influence of a number of factors on the condition of small rivers in the Kaliningrad region is considered. It has been shown that deforestation, floodplain cultivation and development, changes in microclimatic conditions, affecting even 20% of the catchment area of the small rivers, significantly specify their ecological state. Since bottom sediments are an indicator of the state of watercourses, their quality also depend not only on factors directly determining composition, but also on factors determining the migration of trace elements. Analysis of climate data showed that over the past 20 years in region take place a shift in the type of climate from Csb to Cfb by Koppen-Geiger classification. Since 2016, the water content of the small rivers of Polesskaya lowland decreased from 5 to 18%. Also has been recorded summer drying of a part of the river channels on Semba peninsula. Rise of temperature in combination with decrease of the content of dissolved oxygen, and an increase of the content of organic matter, leads to changing of the situation in small streams from oxidative to mixed redox. It reduces the rate of water migration of a number of trace elements (arsenic, manganese, vanadium, copper, lead etc.). Migration was calculated as the ratio of the concentration of dissolved trace elements to total mineralization. An increase of the oxidizing potential leads to increase of the water migration of elements with variable valence (arsenic). Factor analysis was used to identify groups of trace elements that exhibit common patterns in their distribution. According to the factor analysis trace elements of the first group (copper, vanadium, zinc, lead) are concentrated in bottom sediments together with alumosilicates and iron oxide. Arsenic and manganese are concentrated both with iron oxide and with organic substances.
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