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RADIOECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF SOILS IN KVEMO KARTLI, GEORGIA
Abstract
This study evaluates the radioecological condition of soils in the vicinity of major industrial enterprises in Georgia, focusing on contamination by radionuclides (K-40, Cs-137, Sr-90) and heavy metals. Three key industrial regions: Rustavi (metallurgical and chemical industries), Bolnisi (polymetallic mining), and Gardabani (energy production) were selected as research sites. Spectrometric analysis was performed using the Atomtex Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICPE-9820) in compliance with GOST standards. The results indicate a gradual increase in contamination levels over a four-year monitoring period, attributed primarily to anthropogenic activities, but atmospheric precipitation, which, in turn, contributes to the surface soil contamination process, with concentrations in many areas exceeding maximum allowable concentrations (MAC). Despite elevated contamination, no significant changes in vegetation cover were observed. A GIS-based map was developed to illustrate spatial patterns of pollution. Industrial emissions, including dust, raw materials, and slag, were found to be the dominant pollution sources. The study emphasizes the need for remediation efforts, including phytoremediation and carbon sequestration strategies. Additionally, the mining industry is progressively adopting sustainable practices, and an integrated plan is under development to support long-term monitoring and ecological restoration.
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References14
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