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FOREST SOILS FROM SREDNA GORA MOUNTAIN IN BULGARIA
Abstract
The soils from the central part of Sredna Gora Mountain in Bulgaria were studied aiming to establish the occurrence of contemporal soil forming processes occured in the forest ecosystem. Soils were analyzed to determine the carbon content, the soil organic matter composition and the total soil acidity. The precise soil classification based on the detail morphological diagnostic was carried out. The ecological conditions in forest ecosystem determine the mode of humic substances in the studies soils. Soils are characterized with low degree of humification and considerable amount of organic matter only on the soil surface. Generally, large proportion of absorbed nutrients is returned annually to the soil and is reabsorbed after biological breakdown of litter. Forest soils considerably differ by the soil organic matter (SOM) composition. The quantity and quality of humic substances is linked to the important soil functions. Humic acids are mainly in the upper part in the first soil and fulvic acids dominated in the lower part of profile. Humic acids in the second soil are bounded with calcium and composing humic type of humus. In the shallow soil, formed on the hard rock, the fulvic acids dominate that composing the fulvic type of humus. In the studied forest ecosystem the advanced natural soil acidification occurs mainly in the most upper part of soils.
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