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AMBIENT AIR QUALITY FACTORS AND PEOPLE HEALTH

S.V. Kleyn, Н.В. Зайцева, Svetlana A. Vekovshinina, Alena M. Andrishunas

Abstract

This study performed a hygienic analysis of pollutant emissions from stationary and mobile sources and hygienic assessment of air quality for 2007-2019 according to official statistics of the Russian Federation. It was found that the main sources of emissions are motor vehicles, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, machine building, timber, woodworking, coal, mining, pulp and paper, chemical and oil refining industries. As results of hygienic analysis showed, the total amount of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere in 2019 was 32.4 million tons (from stationary sources ? 17.1 million tons, from motor vehicles ? 15.1 million tons). During this period, a decrease in total mass of emissions was recordedincluding suspended solids emissions decreased by 552 thousand tons. Emissions of volatile organic compounds mass (VOCs) in 2019 increased by 580 thousand tons. In the period from 2007 to 2019, the share of atmospheric air samples taken in settlements in the Russian Federation with exceeded maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) was recorded for benzene (up to 4.83% of samples with exceeded MPC) and suspended solids (up to 2), 2%), carbon (up to 3.7%), phenol (up to 1.57%), copper oxide (up to 2.72%), methanol (up to 4.46%), nickel oxide (up to 8.95%), nitrogen dioxide (up to 1.41%), fluoride gaseous compounds (up to 2.55%), inorganic fluorides poorly soluble (up to 1.12%) and others. Based on the results of a hygienic analysis of the ambient air quality, a list of 17 priority pollutants was established: phenol, benzene, dimethylbenzene, diVanadiumpentoxide, nickel, copper, lead, ethylbenzene, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, etc. It was found that the increase in the share of non-standard air samples is influenced by the low expenditure on environmental protection, an increase in the total mass of the emission, deteriorated economic indicators of a region, etc. The results of typologization of territories allowed dividing regions in the Russian Federation into 4 clusters, similar in parameters of factors influencing the state of atmospheric air. Based on the epidemiological analysis, a number of reliable mathematical models have been obtained that link the frequency of violations of hygienic standards and the incidence rates of the population. In the dynamics for the analyzed period the number of additional cases associated with air quality decreases (from 1,238 cases per 100 thousand people in 2012 to 598 cases per 100 thousand people in 2019). The priority classes of diseases in terms of the absolute number of additional cases are: respiratory diseases (69.4% in 2019), digestive diseases (9.75%), circulatory diseases (9.07%), diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (4.34%), musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (3.81%), nervous system (3.67%).

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020v/4.2/s06.14

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