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THE BENEFITS PROVISION OF HIGH NATURE VALUE FARMLAND AND EFFECTS OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN PROTECTING AND ENHANCING THEM
Abstract
High Nature Value (HNV) farming has been developed since the early 1990s as a policy tool to describe those farming systems in Europe which have the greatest biodiversity value and which depend to a great extent upon the continuation of specific farming systems and practices across broad areas of the countryside. Three types of HNV farmland have been distinguished: Type 1 пїЅ farmland with a high proportion of semi-natural vegetation, Type 2 пїЅ farmland with a mosaic of low-intensity agriculture and natural and structural elements, and Type 3 пїЅ farmland supporting rare species or a high proportion of European or World populations. The focus of our interest is HNV Type 2 (HNV2). Measures to promote HNV farmland, including HNV2, have been implemented in some countries under the Rural Development Programme, but this is not yet the case in Slovakia. For the purpose of independent assessment of the Rural Development Programme 2007-2013, a methodology for assessing the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and achievements, impact and success of agri-environmental measures in protecting and enhancing areas of HNV2 farmland has been developed and applied in Slovakia. Our first step was to determine the distribution of HNV2, based on previous mapping of traditional agricultural landscapes performed in 2009-2011 using aerial photos. 40 sites were selected for detailed monitoring of changes and impact of agri-environmental measures, carried out in 2016. Implementation of the relevant measures had led to a total of 10,078 ha of HNV2 being supported by 2014. Agro-environmental payments were largely implemented under measures of organic farming and preservation of biodiversity, both of which are useful for supporting HNV.
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