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SELECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL GRADE FOR BRIDGES ACCORDING TO EURONORMS
Abstract
The proper selection of the structural steel grade has to take into account a lot of factors and, for structural steels, a minimum ductility is required so that the material shall have sufficient fracture toughness to avoid brittle fracture of the tension elements at the lowest service temperature. In this paper we present the methodology for selecting the toughness of structural steel with respect to EN 1993-1-10: 2003 and SR EN 1993-1-10: 2005. Establishing the steel sub-grade for the steel main girders of a railway bridge is questioned in the paper. The maximum permissible values of element thickness in order to avoid brittle fracture in terms of three stress levels, expressed as proportions of the nominal yield strength, given by the Euronorms, are presented. Next, the requirements, in terms of steel characteristics, element characteristics and design situations are given explicitly. According to EN 1993-1-10, two procedures were derived by the authors, which can be used in order to determine the stress level, necessary for the selection of the steel sub-grade, are detailed. The two procedures are based on the global estimation of stress levels and the effective tension stress. For a number of bridges designed by the authors, the steel grades and sub-grades chosen are given in the paper. Starting with the equations given in EN, an algorithm for the selection of the steel sub-grade was derived, based on two procedures: a procedure based on the global estimation of stress level and a procedure based on the effective tension stress. The selection method of the steel characteristics presented in the European norm EN 1993-1-10 is based on a complex theory of the fracture-behavior of the steel and it offers a design procedure to determine the quality of the material. The proper choice of the steel grade and sub-grade is a key factor to ensuring the necessary safety of a steel construction (both in case of buildings or bridges) to avoid brittle fracture at low temperature.
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