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IMPACT OF SUBSIDENCE BASINS ON CHANGES IN THE CATCHMENT WATER CYCLE
Abstract
The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in the transformation of water relations in the catchment. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the subsidence basin on changes in the water cycle. Detailed research was carried out in the city of Bytom, in the Karb district where one of the most spectacular subsidence basins on the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) emerged. As part of the study, the geological structure of the area was examined and a detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was conducted. Cartometric measurements were carried out based on the cartographic material collected. The underground extraction of coal in the study area resulted in far-reaching changes in land forms and in the water cycle. The area has subsided by more than 25 metres compared to the level prior to the commencement of underground coal mining. The subsidence basin caused transformations in the water cycle, primarily local ones. The changes concern all elements of vertical and horizontal water exchange. The resulting depression is an endorheic basin to which water is supplied in a concentric pattern as a result of runoff after atmospheric precipitation. The local flow of shallow groundwater has been clearly disrupted and new pathways for their circulation have formed.
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References15
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