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Specially protected natural areas forest ecosystems monitoring
Abstract
?very year, forest fires tens of thousands occur in Russia, as which result in more than 1 forest a million hectares are burned. At the same time, and even forest larger amount is damaged, and later perishes. For example, thermal radiation from a fire front directly affects a tree cambial layer, and this leads to its death. Also, due to the heat transfer of heat to the soil, its chemical composition and structure, microflora and soil change fauna, and the trees surface roots are damaged. Damage from forest fires is not limited to the destroyed wood cost, which does not exceed 10% of the forest all useful properties cost (soil protection, water protection, oxygen-generating, sanitary and hygienic, etc.). Forest fires' various types (grassland, upper, soil, etc.) are dangerous natural disasters that cause enormous damage and pose a threat to people and material resources located near their origin and development areas. The forest fires emergence and spread depends on various conditions: (climatic: wind speed, ambient temperature, the atmosphere state, etc.), terrain and other factors. One of the most dangerous forest fires forms is upper ones, which account for 70% of the burnt area and the largest losses. Increased attention to this problem is also due to the large forest fires impact on the atmosphere surface layer, which causes climatic (a decrease in the ambient temperature due to the territories' smokiness leads to the death, agricultural' crops later ripening) and environmental consequences.
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References7
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