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SOYBEAN WASTE MATERIAL AS POTENTIAL ADSORBENT FOR HEAVY METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Abstract
In the environment are present heavy metals such as Cu2+ and Pb2+. Metal-processing industries, mineral processing, the manufacturers of inorganic products and large scale coal users, such as public utilities are the major sources of heavy metal pollution. These heavy metals are toxic, are non-biodegradable, and they pose potentially lethal risks at high levels. Chemosorption is emerging as a potential alternative to the existing conventional technologies for the removal and/or recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. In comparative to conventional treatment methods, the major advantages of chemosorption included: low cost, high efficiency, reduced chemical sludge, regeneration of sorbents and possible heavy metal regeneration. Soybean waste materials are an abundant source for significant heavy metal chemosorption. In soybean waste biomass, the functional groups are carbonyl, amino, alcoholic, amino, sulphydryl, etc. These have affinity for heavy metal ions to form metal complexes. The mechanism of chemosorption process includes adsorption on surface, diffusion through pores and ion exchange. In addition, these chemosorbents can be modified to improve efficiency and multiple reuses to enhance their applicability at industrial scale. Soybean waste was characterized using SEM, XRD, SEI and EDAX. Kinetic data for the sorption processes were analyzed using the kinetic model equations and intra-particle diffusion of the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order. Maximum Cu2+ and Pb2+ adsorption capacity was found to be 7550 mg/kg respectively 7900 mg/kg with soybean waste molar ratio of 50:1. The rate of adsorption was considerably rapid and the balance was achieved within 20 minutes. It was recorded that the optimal pH was 6.0.
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