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ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RESTOCKING WILD SALMON POPULATIONS IN THE BALTIC REGION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Abstract
Salmonid fishes have always been the most valuable objects of the fisheries in the Baltic region. The population growth in Baltic region and the demand for fish products have resulted in the overfishing and impoverishment of many fishing areas. Most of wild types of fishes are losing their native spawning areas because of anthropogenic transformation involving hydro-technical construction, eutrophication of water bodies, water pollution and inadequate fishery. Heavy metals are considered as main toxicants in the production of fish products. Bioaccumulation of these toxicants in fish tissues has a significant negative impact to the physiological and reproductive quality of fish as well as reducing the quality of the fish products. According to investigations in this field, bioaccumulation of heavy metals by fish and subsequent distribution in organs is greatly inter-specific. In addition, many factors can influence their uptake like sex, age, size, reproductive cycle, swimming patterns, and etc. Without sufficient information about the accumulation of dangerous pollutants in the fish tissues it is hard to develop an adequate strategy for restoring populations of wild Atlantic Salmon. In this paper, the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of wild Atlantic Salmon caught for artificial reproduction and its fry from the state hatcheries of Baltic part of Russia is studied. Analysis of the obtained data is shown that significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals happens during growth and feeding after Salmon fry release into the wild and not during their growth in the state hatcheries. The accumulation values of individual heavy metals in different organs of the studied species have a significant variation (p <0.001). In this study, significant relationship with the habitat was revealed only for the accumulation of copper in the tissues of Atlantic Salmon.
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