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SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERMIAN CONTINENTAL SUCCESSION IN SIRINIA BASIN (SOUTH CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA)
Abstract
The Permian sedimentary succession exposed in Sirinia Basin (South Carpathians, Romania) provides a record of mixed siliciclastic-volcanic rocks. The siliciclastic rocks are represented by conglomerate, sandstone and claystone, which are grouped into nine lithofacies (Gmm/mg, St, Sh, Sm, Sr, Fl, Fr, P) occur in a predictable order as repeated fining-upward cycles. Groups of associated facies are arranged into five distinct architectural elements (gravel channels, ribbon-channel, sandy channels, laminated sand sheets and overbank deposits), which is consistent with a fluvial origin of the succession. The types of architectural elements present and their relationship to each other demonstrate that Permian succession from Sirinia Basin preserves a record of a meandering or a braided river. The entire Permian sedimentary succession from Sirinia Basin has developed into an extensional tectonic realm, where the sedimentation was controlled by two major factors: (i) a tectonically active source area, which provided Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Upper Carboniferous siliciclastic rocks, and (ii) an active volcanic source, which supplied a large amount of rhyolitic rock-fragments to the coarse-grained sediments. The petrographic diversity of coarse-grained sediments implies that sedimentary sequences were accumulated simultaneously with the development of Sirinia basin.
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