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TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL STRUCTURE IN THE PROCESS OF ANTHROPOGENIZATION OF STEPPE ZONE LANDSCAPES

Nadezhda Ivanisova, Lubov Kurinskaya, С. И. Колесников

Abstract

In human-induced landscape transformation, soils are the most informative component, as they are open heterogeneous systems that have a desire for self-regulation and self-healing. Each type of soil is characterized by its own structure, as the shape, size and quality of structural separations in different soils can be different. Soil is considered well structured if it contains more than 55% of aggregates between 10 and 0.25 mm in size. Black earths are characterized by the content of these fractions in the range of 76.23% to 81%, which corresponds to good and excellent agronomic properties of soils. As a result of the studies, a relationship was established between the percentage of the most valuable aggregates to the degree of anthropogenic formation of the landscape. Urbolandshafts and agrolandshafts have recently experienced the greatest rates of human-induced transformation. In the former, this is evident in the increase in the area and density of development, in the latter in the changes in the land use system, the introduction of continuous crop rotation technology, the use of new technologies of cultivation of land. In the soil profile of industrial and roadside, there is a tendency to reduce the size of soil fractions, i.e. soils become more dusty, soil structure changes, they become more susceptible to erosion and deflation. There is no change in the aggregate state of soils on the territory of park landscapes, they still remain in the "excellent" aggregate state, where the ratio of mesoaggregates is optimal for the growth of plant communities, even in the condition of steppe.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/3.1/s13.077

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