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V2G AND G2V AS ELEMENTS OF SMART GRID AND THE WAY OF BALANCING ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM IN POLAND
Abstract
The goal of article is to present an influence of V2G and G2V technology on electric power system. They were presented different ways of balancing the National Electric Power System by electric vehicles, which are taking part in V2G and G2V systems. By using technologies which support integration of electric vehicles with grid, a traditional grid can be developed and transformed to the Smart Grid. One of the systems that support electric vehicles is called Smart Metering. пїЅNegawattпїЅ is a theoretical unit, which tells us about amount of saved energy. It is closely associated with Demand Side Management. There are shown ways of balancing National Electric Power System by electric cars as ways of realizing a DSM. The study shows different variants of balancing electric power system by V2G. In each of them there is another amount of electric cars, which take part in balancing electric power system. Every variant is based on daily cycle of charging and discharging of electric vehicles batteries and Polish Power Grids data of daily energy demand. Basing on calculations there is shown daily energy demand of electric power system with influence of electric vehicles included. There is also calculated an amount of negawatts produced by electric cars. On the basis of the accepted and described variants, it can be concluded that electric cars can support the electricity system and contribute to its balancing. The demand for energy is increased at night, and during the day the electricity system is supported by vehicles through their energy. These actions are compatible with the Demand Side Management assumptions - the demand valleys are "filled" with the loading cars. On the other hand, the peak of demand is "shattered" thanks to cars involved in energy exchange. Performed calculations and graphs show that the V2G solution is beneficial to the power system than G2V solutions.
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