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EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MACHINE-BUILDING PLANT ON THE STATE OF ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
Machine building is one of the basic branches of the economy of Ukraine, the level of development of which is directly related to the environmental burden on the territory of individual regions. Snizhnyansky machine-building plant (SMP) is located in the Donetsk region. The enterprise is a part of the joint-stock company "Motor Sich" of Zaporizhzhya. The enterprise specializes in the manufacture of assemblies and parts for complete sets of aviation engine products in the shops of the main enterprise located in the city of Zaporizhzhya. The main technological processes are metal cutting, machining of surfaces of parts by abrasive circles, metal working pressure, galvanic, electrochemical processes. The purpose of the work is to assess the impact of the Snizhnyansky machine-building plant on the environment. To the harmful substances that enter the atmospheric air from the company are: chlorine hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, a pair of mercury. There are no excesses of the established GWS norms on all sources of emissions at this enterprise. The wastewater discharged by the enterprise into the Mius River is characterized by exceeding the norms of the MPC sulphates, nitrates, iron, zinc, nickel, chromium, copper. Excess MAC for these substances is due to an outdated and inefficient wastewater treatment system. A two-stage reagent purification of acid-alkaline sewage and the allocation of a stream containing chromium in a separate recovery unit Cr+ 6 to Cr+ 3 is proposed. Inertia in the kinetic relation of the compound Cr+ 3 can be isolated from water in the form of solids. In selected samples of soil, the gross content of Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, and Cu, and Pb by atomic absorption method was determined after acid treatment of soil using standard methods. Estimation of soils by gross weight of heavy metals showed that soils in the territory of the machine-building industry are significantly contaminated with zinc and chromium (VI), less by lead, copper, cobalt and nickel. The maximum multiplicity of excessive MAC of heavy metals is from 15 times for zinc and 14 times for chromium (VI) to 1.9 times for cobalt.
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