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SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT: RURAL-URBAN DIVIDE
Abstract
This paper explores the rural-urban divide in the context of sustainable territorial development in Latvia. By employing a combination of statistical analysis, standardisation, and factor analysis based on 14 development indicators, the research identifies key differences between rural and urban areas. The results reveal that economic activity is notably higher in territories closer to the capital, Riga, although not all urban areas demonstrate superior performance. Simultaneously, urban territories concentrate more significant environmental burdens, particularly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, and waste generation. The analysis also highlights the importance of demographic load, business density, and income dispersion in shaping regional disparities. While urban areas benefit from infrastructure and investment, rural regions show resilience through higher micro-entrepreneurship rates and more balanced socio-economic structures. However, both types of territories face distinct sustainability challenges. The findings support the need for territorially differentiated policies that strengthen urban-rural linkages, reduce environmental pressures in cities, and enhance infrastructure and technological access in rural areas. Ultimately, achieving balanced and sustainable development across Latvia requires integrated strategies tailored to each region-s specific socio-economic and environmental profile.
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