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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL KAOLIN MODIFIED WITH COPPER
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial properties of pharmaceutical grade kaolin modified with copper were tested to determine its suitability to be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Both kaolin?s and copper?s antimicrobial activity have been highlighted by multiple researches. The sample was prepared by submerging the kaolin into saturated CuCl2 solution in order to load the nanoparticles with copper, utilizing the cation exchange capacity (CEC). Mineralogical analysis was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and it was found that kaolin consists of kaolinite and minor amounts of illite while no other impurities were detected. After the modification the mineralogical analysis was not affected by the treatment. After that, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed that Cu+2 ions where successfully dispersed homogeneously onto kaolinite surfaces. No metallic conglomerates were detected, which are susceptible to physical removal. Challenge tests were carried out featuring the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli (Gram-Negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-Positive bacteria), thus enabling comparison between the sample?s antibacterial activities against the different types of bacteria.
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