Scholarly record

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER THE CULTURE OFCROP ROTATION IN THE IRRIGATION CONDITIONS OF FOOTHILL ZONE OF ALMATY REGION

Zulfiya Kazhybek

Abstract

The paper presents the results from studies carried out in the farming conditions. It has been found that with the application of rational norms of mineral and organic fertilizers used for growing various crops (barley, rape, flax, soybean), soil fertility could be stabilized and their effectiveness enhanced. The content of mineral nitrogen under rape crops was at the level of the control variant. Its content in the variant using liquid manure (biofertilizer) was somewhat lower than that of in the rotted manure - 29.3; 28.9; 29.2, and 31.2 mg/kg, respectively, under rotation crops. The least influence on the nitrogen content of the soil from among organic fertilizers was made by the straw incorporation (6t/ha). The amount of mineral nitrogen in the surface and subsurface soil decreased at the end of the growing season for the studied crops. Fertilizers in varying degrees affected the value of this indicator. The introduction of calculated rates of mineral fertilizers (NPK) increased the content of mobile phosphorus to 27.8-29.3 mg/kg, that is, by 6.6-6.8 mg/kg of soil compared with the control variant. Organic fertilizers also contributed to an increase in the mobile phosphorus content in soil. Of these, the manure application had a greater impact (30t/ha). On average, over 3 years of direct action and 2 years of aftereffect, application of 30 t/ha of rotted manure increased the content of mobile phosphorus under rotation crops by 3.5-4.8 mg/kg of soil compared with the control variant. The use of liquid manure had somewhat less effect on an increase in the mobile phosphorus content in soil. On average, over 3 years of action and aftereffect, it increased in the surface soil under rotation crops by 1.7-2.4 mg/kg compared with the control variant. The straw incorporation had no significant effect on this indicator, and its value under the crops was at the control level. The use of liquid manure also had a positive effect, when in the first year an appreciable increase in the grain yield of 0.70 t/ha was achieved, and in subsequent years the aftereffect was insignificant; on the whole, 1.04 t/ha of additional yield was obtained over 3 years, which is about 15% of the value in the control variant. An even lower yield increase was achieved due to the straw incorporation (0.50 t/ha over 3 years). The same mode of action of mineral and organic fertilizers also differs in the flax and rape crops.

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