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POSSIBILITIES OF A NANOSYSTEM APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURE FORMATION PROCESSES IN CEMENT PRODUCTION
Abstract
The cement industry, along with metallurgy, electric power, chemistry, and mechanical engineering, determines the economic potential and level of industrial development of any country. The role of cement in modern construction is very large, at the moment it cannot be replaced by anything equivalent. At the same time, cement production is extremely resource-and energy consumption industry, and its production accompanied by a large amount of greenhouse gases. According to forecasts of scientists, emissions of carbon dioxide alone from cement production may reach 2.34 billion tons/year by 2050. For economic reasons, to reduce energy costs and improve energy efficiency at the enterprises, it is necessary to start with the implementation of primary technical solutions integrated into the technological process. Primary measures include optimizing the firing and cooling processes of Portland cement clinker and increasing the uniformity of the raw material composition. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify the possibilities of a modern system approach to managing the processes of structure formation of cement clinker and their impact on various properties of cement. Technology of Portland cement clinker production is a set of high- temperature dissolution , crystallization and sintering processes that occur in oxide-salt melts with the size of structural elements at the nanoscale (0.5-5)?10-10 m. The mineralogical material composition of cement raw mixes is determined by the nature of the raw materials which is used. At the same time, little oscillations substantially in the composition of raw materials substantially affect the reactivity, dynamics of clinker formation, the structure of clinker and, respectively, the quality of cement. Studying more than 60 types of carbonate component showed that the structure and properties of calcium oxide obtained during the calcination of chalk, limestone and marble are determined by the structure and properties of the initial calcium carbonate, so even during calcination, the memory of the material appears at the "nanoscale". The "inheritance" of structures of several generations of materials in a single chain of technological changes was established and experimentally confirmed: raw materials > raw charge > cement clinker > cement stone.
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