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NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY STORAGE IN BULGARIA - PROMISING HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract
Hydrogen production plays an important role in the decarbonization of energy used in all sectors. It can be used as an environmentally friendly raw material, fuel or energy carrier. According to Hydrogen Roadmap Europe (2019), the total amount of hydrogen used in the EU is 339 TWh. The largest share falls on the refining processes (153 TWh) and the chemical industry (for the production of ammonia and methanol - a total of 156 TWh). The highest quota has the refining processes (153 TWh) and the chemical industry (for the production of ammonia and methanol - a total of 156 TWh). For other productions (steel, glass production, etc.) the quantities are about 30 TWh. The policy in Bulgaria is reduced to a prepared National Plan for Energy and Climate (NPEC - 2020), which, in the context of the "Green Deal", emphasizes the declarative dimensions. Local government, business and the non-governmental sector have a relatively more active position, but are extremely limited in the field of highly polluting industries, such as coal mining. So far, there are several pilot projects in the country that relate to the construction of hydrogen stations - in Sofia and an opportunity in Mizia town. In 2008 a demonstration project was launched under FP7 (Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking and the Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems), as a result of which for the period 2011-2014 BAS organized a series of meetings of its representatives with politicians, scientists, industrialists, with people of different ages. In 2014, a Roadmap for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Energy was proposed, in which BAS and five Universities were involved, among which is UMG “St. Iv. Rilski”. The purpose of this study is to review the development of ideas for the use, short-term and long-term storage of hydrogen and opportunities in the Republic of Bulgaria, based on experience on a European scale.
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