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ACTIVITY OF GLACIER PERUNIKA, LIVINGSTON ISLAND, ANTARCTICA AS A RESULT OF CHANGING TEMPERATURE IN THE REGION
Abstract
Glaciers are sensitive to climate change. How the fluctuation of the temperature affectsthe behaviour of the glacier and particularly its flow and seismic activity is underinvestigation. In this paper, we present a study of activity of glacier Perunika,Livingston Island, Antarctica using data from seismic station LIVV, GNSS data frompoint measurements on the surface of the glacier and meteorological data. GlacierPerunika is the closest one to the Bulgarian Antarctic Base. Seismic station LIVV, issituated near the glacier and about 1 km far from the Base. The station records datasince the astral summer of 2015. Two types of GNSS measurements on the glaciersurface were carried out: 1) 8 days long continuous recordings of the coordinates of onepoint which was situated close to glacier terminus; 2) measurement of the coordinates of15 points which were spanned on the upper part of the glacier. Meteorological data wascollected at one point near the Base. Joint analysis of the GNSS and meteorological datashows correlation between air temperature and the change in the surface velocity of theglacier. The change in the surface velocity follows the change in the temperature by 9hours. A change in the seismic activity of the glacier is also observed. The number ofregistered icequakes decreases as the astral winter approaches. The observed features ofthe glacier's behaviour can be explained by the melting of the deeper part of the ice withincreasing temperature. Thawed water flows close to the contact plane of the ice withthe earth's surface, reducing friction and changing the velocity of the glacier and thenumber of icequakes. Glacial seismic events are separated in several categories basedon their duration and amplitude. The data shows that the majority of the events have ashort duration (0-20 seconds) and most of them can be characterized as very weak (withan amplitude up to 15 counts). The data shows that events with duration 0-3 secondssignificantly increase with the arrival of the astral summer.
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