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REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS - COMPARATIVE STUDY CASE BETWEEN REFRIGERANTS WITH LOW GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
Abstract
This article presents the thermodynamic properties of an ecological alternative which can be used in an air-water heat pump. The experimental setup is located in a studentsпїЅ Laboratory of the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest and uses three types of energy sources: the ambient air, the sun and electricity, for hot water production. This paper focuses on the natural alternatives: hydrocarbons and their mixtures. None of the above refrigerants is perfect; they all have both advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account by governments, equipment manufacturers, and ultimately by their users. The determination of thermodynamic properties and the calculation of COP for those natural alternatives and mixture were done using the Refprop and EES software. The theoretical study analyzes an air-water heat pump which works in the present with R134a. To contribute for the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions, as the F-gas refrigerants are, and to implement international Legislation similar to the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols, in the future it is necessary to retrofit the R134a refrigerant with natural hydrocarbons or ecological refrigerant mixtures, with better ODP and GWP. Energy efficiency is directly related to global warming and greenhouse gases emissions. The conclusion of this study, in terms of energy efficiency, refrigerant Alternative 1 is the most favorable. From an environmental perspective (TEWI factor), the natural mixture Alternative 1 has the advantage of 60% lower global warming potential (GWP) than R-134a.
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