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A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REGIONAL ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA
Abstract
In Russia, turning to the circular economy concept is becoming a new wing of theenvironmental industrial policy. In most Russian regions, the necessity of recyclingindustrial waste co-exists with the challenges of municipal waste management. Thus,according to the official statistics, the amount of solid waste formed in 2019 reached7.75 bln tons, 55-60 mln tons being categorised as municipal waste. In 2010-2019,annual waste generation grew from 3.74 to 7.75 bln tons; about 15 thousand landfillsoccupy the territory of 4 mln hectares. Sadly, annually this figure increases by 0.3-0.4mln hectares. It is even more unfortunate, since Soviet (and later – Russian) researcheshad been contributing towards the progress of the industrial ecology and the ecoindustrial part concepts in 1970-1990s.The present paper discusses an algorithm (a step-by-step approach) to the developmentof eco-industrial parks in the Russian Federation. Leading international and Russianexperts in the circular (closed-loop) economy agree that industrial symbiosis should bebased on the exchange of resource, reuse and recycle of secondary resources, and costeffective production of new goods. All these issues are addressed within the suggestedapproach, which has a general character, and requires further elaboration in eachparticular case depending on the specific regional features – dominating industries,infrastructure, population density, territorial structure, natural conditions, etc.The suggested approach comprises five stages: (1) setting aims and objectives by meansof analysis of regional waste management problems (issues); (2) describing andcategorizing major flows of secondary resources to be managed; (3) identifying keytechnologies and equipment to be implemented / installed; (4) selecting an appropriatesite (from the logistic, engineering infrastructure, land use, natural and otherconditions); this has to be done via the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure;(5) setting clear performance indicators for the future assessment of results achieved bythe new eco-industrial park.The authors consider regional case studies describing the implementation of thesuggested step-by-step approach at such stages as (1) the approval of the eco-industrialpark concept by the regional government (in the Central Russia); the project design inthe North-West, (2) the functioning of the eco-industrial park in the Volga region.
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References13
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