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IDENTIFYING BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FOR THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION INSTALLATIONS
Abstract
Upstream hydrocarbon exploration and production remains an important economic sector providing the necessary raw materials for several areas of Russian economy. To enhance the resource efficiency and environmental performance of the sector, researchers and practitioners develop approaches based on Best Available Techniques (BATs). In Russia, the BAT concept has been rapidly developing since 2014. Unlike in the European Union, in Russia, upstream hydrocarbon exploration and production sector is regulated by IPPC-like legislation, and respective Reference Documents on BATs (BREFs) were issued in 2017. Enforcement lessons learnt in 2019-2020, show that to develop a decent application for the Integrated Environmental Permit (IEP), operators need well-substantiated BAT-Associated Emission Levels (BAT-AELs); BAT-AELs are also needed for the environmental authorities and experts for assessing applications and IEP granting. In 2021, stakeholders suggested reviewing the Russian BREF on Oil Exploration (ITS 28-2021) and the review process is nearly completed. Draft ITS 28-2021 covers both onshore and offshore oil exploration. It contains information on the current consumption and emission levels, applied techniques and BATs. Both general and specific BATs are identified, eight of them being aimed at reducing emissions of associated petroleum gas which is very important in the wake of greenhouse gas emission reduction. The article analyses key differences between the European BAT Guidance Document on Upstream Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (2019) and ITS 28-2021. Principles of BAT identification and BAT-AELs as well as BAT-Associated Environmental Performance Levels are considered. Perspectives for the practical implementation of the new ITS 28-2021 are discussed.
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