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EYE TRACKING PARAMETERS AS MARKERS OF URBAN ARCHITECTURE COMFORT
Abstract
In the conditions of global urbanization and steady growth of urban population approaches of rational and simple construction are used in modern city architecture. Minimalistic, unnatural urban environment with primitive geometric shapes is created. It forms homogeneous and aggressive visual fields. Visual perception of such landscapes negatively influences on organism of citizens, reduces efficiency and strengthens apathy and irritation. These physiological effects are based on violation of visual perception mechanisms. Most major cities have historical centres with rich architectural solutions in the style of Baroque, Gothic, Rococo, ?lassicism and so on. Plenty of decorative elements create comfortable visual environment and give emotional and aesthetic pleasure. Not accidentally that the cities with rich history and architectural heritage are the centres of tourist attraction. It should be noted that in many cities there are modern architectural objects (style bio-tech, deconstru?tivism etc.), which are characterized by variety, unusual forms and color solutions. Study of physiological reactions of human organism during visual perception of urban space of different architectural styles, especially those ones actively developing in last decades is a site of scientific interest. Sixty people at the age 20 years old were examined in given research. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards. Using the equipment and software IView X? RED, parameters of eye movements were recorded while participants were viewing urban landscapes of different architectural styles. The eye tracking data were analyzed via SMI Begaze application and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows ver. 22.0. The significant (p ? 0.05) increase in the number of sac?ades, reduction of fixations parameters during perception of the images with architectural styles creating homogeneous and aggressive visible field are revealed. Such changes characterize the search mode of the eye, resulting in the rapid fatigue of the visual apparatus and the violation of the central mechanisms of information processing. Ambiguous changes of eye tracking parameters are fixed at perception of modern architectural objects with unusual shape and large quantity of color elements. The oculomotor reactions at the images viewing of historical buildings with a lot of decorative details are characterized by increase of parameters fixations, decrease count and frequency of saccades. In this case oculomotor reactions are related to less tension and considered the most natural and evolutionary fixed eye movements.
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