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DIETARY LIPIDS AND IMMUNO-PHENOTYPES

A. Al-Nasser

Abstract

Studies in the literature on the effect of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA on lymphocyte subpopulations in mammalian and poultry studies are contradictory. This might be due to differences in species, basal diet, fat amount, ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA and different fatty acids of n-3 PUFA. An inclusion of flaxseed in the diets of chickens can increase the n-3 fatty acids (FA) of poultry meat as it is rich source of ?-linolenic acid. The hepatic lipid metabolism of chickens helps in the incorporation of whole body and muscle FA. In mammals, studies have reported a reduction in the risk of breast cancer on consumption of n-3 FA; in humans they have been acknowledged as a preventive and therapeutic means to improve cardiovascular diseases and hypertriglyceridemia and are thus being used in many health agencies. In some animals like cows, fed diets supplemented with flaxseed, it was seen that n-3 and n-6 FA increased the capacity and activity of leukocytes and monocytes. The effect on adaptive immune system showed an increase in the percentage of T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells and IL-2 receptors. The effect of n-3 FA was observed to be greater than that of n-6 on phagocytic capacity and activity. Thus, showing that these unsaturated FAs can modulate the innate and adaptive immune system along with triggering a proinflammatory response. Overall, it appears that there is a decrease in the proportion of T-cells after feeding a diet rich in n-3 PUFA, since most of the studies demonstrated a decrease in lymphocyte sub-populations by n-3 PUFA, including CD4+, CD8 +, CD3+ , T-cells and B cells. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of feeding normal broiler chickens on diet containing rich source of omega-3 fatty acid, flaxseed, on the immune response represented by splenocyte T- and B- cells.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/6.2/s25.019

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