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DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF NEUTRALIZATION AND BINDING SLUDGE-LIGNIN IN CARDS SLUDGE COLLECTORS OF THE BAIKAL PULP AND PAPER MILL
Abstract
Lake Baikal is a world heritage site, one of the most valuable sources of a large volume of fresh water of its own purity. A serious threat to the endemic ecosystems of Lake Baikal, which determines the properties of Baikal water, are the wastes from the Baikal pulp and paper mill accumulated over the years of its operation (1966-2003). Sludge accumulators of this enterprise finding on the shore of Lake Baikal. They contains more than 6.2 million cubic meters of various wastes. There is a rather real threat of pollution of Lake Baikal with toxic contents of sludge accumulators in contact with underground waters, storm rains. Baikal pulp and paper mill is located in a seismically active region with frequent earthquakes. This further increases the probability of a catastrophic ejection of a huge mass of sludge-lignin directly into the lake. In this connection it is extremely urgent issue binding and neutralization of accumulated waste and remediation of the territory of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. Among the large number of technologies proposed for the processing and conservation of waste from the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, the main stages of the environmental impact assessment have passed the method of solubling of slime waste. Its essence lies in the fact that when the binder mixture is added on the basis of hydrated and / or quicklime, the sludge is cured [1]. In this paper, a description is given of toxicometric aspects of grouting waste of Baikal PPM. In addition, a new comprehensive approach to solving this problem is proposed. It is includes the following activities: 1) Removal of supernumerary waters at treatment facilities and their purification. 2) Extraction of sludge-lignin waste from sludge accumulator cards and their layer-by-layer fumigation with subsequent thawing and discharge of evolved water to treatment facilities. This operation reduces a 2-fold volume of sludge waste lignin. 3) Mixing of the partially dewatered sludge with different lignin binder components with a view to grouting. Freezing allows you to get a fast-curing, strong, stone-like monolith. Analyzes revealed the necessary stability of the formed product to mechanical action. Using bioassay methods for survival of Daphnia magna and suppression of luminescence of bacteria "Ekolyum" test system shows ecological safety of the monolith formed. The experiments revealed that the toxic components of the waste in the monolith are in a bound state and are practically not washed out when placed in an aqueous medium for a long time. In this case, the smell, characteristic for sludge-lignin waste, is not actually found in the monolith. Comparison of the obtained monolith with products formed by using other technologies of omonivation according to a combination of factors demonstrates its advantages and prospects for the proposed approach.
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References15
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