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A SURVEY OF MONILINIA LAXA ON THE PLUM [TREES FROM THE WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA BETWEEN 2022-2024
Abstract
Brown rot of stone trees is considered from a long period of time the most damaging disease that manifests on plum trees. These disease affects the plum trees throughout the entire vegetation period and these effects can extend to stored fruits (dry or fresh). It is well known that the pathogen has the sexual form Monilinia laxa represented by apothecia with asci and ascospores and the asexual form Monilia laxa represented by conidiophores with conidias. Traditional The form of resistance that transmits the pathogen from one year to the next is the sexual form that forms on mummified fruits, the first infections throughout the flowering period and the symptom is known as floral blossom wilt. In the last decade, it has become a certainty that in the plain and hilly areas of Romania, global warming, which brought the disappearance of winters with temperatures below -10?, made it possible for Monilia laxa to survive predominantly in the form of resistant mycelia both on mummified fruits and in buds. Considering that the floral blossom wilt is a precursor to brown rot of plum fruits, during the last five years we perform a survey of this pathogen. This study concerns the level of blossom wilt on plum trees in the western part of Romania, between the Danube and the Mure? River. The study was conducted in 12 localities distributed so as to cover the target area as evenly as possible. To evaluate the pathogen, we record the frequency of attack on plum trees flowers, considering that infected flowers dry out anyway, which means that the attack intensity is 100%. Results point out that Monilia laxa has a general presence in the evaluated area, due in particular to the massive reserve of resistance forms located mostly in plum trees from the streets of localities and in some small orchards which are neglected from the cultural practice point of view.
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